Help Somali Organisation

1.- 2. Jh.v.Chr.

Trade relations with the pharaohs indicate the existence of land punt today's Somalia. Later references report trade relations between the Roman Empire and Somalia (merchandise: u. A. frankincense, myrrh).

8th century

Arab refugees settle their intentions on the coast and found Muslim city-states (Zeila, Adal, Ifat, Hadja). Old trade traditions are taking on new dimensions and flourishing.

13th century

Foundation of the Ifat Empire of Somali and Yemeni, with Zeila as the center.

16th century

The Sultanate of Adal in northern Somalia conquers large parts of Ethiopia and gains first in influence and power. Portuguese on the east coast and Turks on the north coast are destroying the country and the sultanate of Adal is breaking up.

17th- 19th century

Reign of the Sultan of Oman.

in the year 1730

The Sultan of Oman defeats the Portuguese and conquers the island of Zanzibar.

1875- 1884

Parts of northern Somalia are under Egyptian authority.

1883- 1888

Establishment of the colonial territories of French Somaliland and British Somaliland on the Gulf of Aden.

1889- 1908

Italy takes possession of the south coast of Somalia, Italian Somaliland.

1920

The British army defeats the anti-colonial Islamic resistance movement, which has been fighting since 1889 under the leadership of the self-proclaimed "Mahdi" Mohammed bin Abdullah Hassan.

1941- 1942

The rule of Italy in Ethiopia and Somalia is ended by the World War II British opponent.

1950

Italy gets back the former Italian Somaliland as a UN trust territory.

July 1st, 1960

Obtaining independence through the merger of Italian Somaliland and British Somaliland to the Republic of Somalia with territorial claims to the Somali region of Ogaden annexed by Ethiopia, to Somali territories in Kenya and to French Somaliland (independent in 1977 as Djibouti).

1963- 1967

Involved in the "Shifta War" in Kenya's Somali territories.

Octobre 21, 1969

General Siad Barré seizes power.

February 14, 1974

Member of the Arab League

July 11, 1974

Friendship Treaty with Russia

July 1st, 1976

Foundation of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP).

July 1977

Attack on Ethiopia to conquer the Ogaden region. Defeat in March 1978.

November 1977

Cancellation of cooperation with Russia. Turning to the west.

1981

The first US military base in Berbera opens. The founding of the first political and military organization Somali Democratic Salvation Front (SSDF). Was founded by the Majeerteen (Daarood) clan.

1988

Somali National Movement abbreviated (SNM) begins the war against the Barre dictatorship. Founded by the Isaaq clan.

1989

United Somali Congress (USC) was founded by representatives of the Somali clan of Hawiye in Rome

1990

In December, fierce fighting between the army and an alliance of armed opposition groups is taking place in Mogadishu.

1991

"Somaliland" declares itself independent.

April 1992

The United Nations is organizing a first humanitarian relief operation in Somalia's capital Mogadishu.

December 1992

The Security Council adopts resolution 751, mandate for Operation UNOSOM in Somalia. After the fighting in Somalia does not stop and the humanitarian situation worsens (a famine in 1991/1992 demands about 300,000 deaths), the deployment of a multinational force will take place at the end of 1992. The United States, supported by the army, will carry out the UN's humanitarian aid operations under the operation "Restore Hope".

1993

The US Army is involved in the street fighting of Mogadishu, the operation "Restore Hope" ends in a fiasco. UN troops replace the American GI's and remain in position until 1995. After that, the civil war breaks out, warlords fight for their zones of influence. (Movie; Documentation on Black Hawk Down)

1995

After the peace process has made good progress initially, UNOSOM II is included in the warlike clashes of the rival clans. Following the failure of another mediation attempt, the United Nations definitively withdrew UNOSOM II from Somalia in March 1995.

1999

After several unsuccessful efforts at reconciliation, an initiative launched by President Djibouti resulted in the Arta Conference, which was concluded in August 2000 with the election of a Transitional President and a Transitional Assembly (245 members of Clanproporz).

2001

Following the conclusion of the Arta Conference, the opposition will form the Somali Restoration and Reconciliation Council (SRRC) and fight against the transitional government based in Mogadishu. There are armed clashes between clans.

October 2002

Start of the IGAD reconciliation conference in Kenya. The transitional government formed (Transitional National Government, TNG), however, can’t establish themselves permanently.

2004

The IGAD Peace and Reconciliation Conference for Somalia in Nairobi / Kenya highlights a transitional parliament that Abdullahi Yussuf Ahmed elects as its Transitional President. This appoints Ali Mohamed Gedi to the Transitional Prime Minister.

2005